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Discover the intense diplomatic clash between Putin and Erdogan with global food supplies hanging in the balance. Dive into the high-stakes meeting, war updates, and the quest to revive a crucial agreement in this gripping geopolitical showdown.
On Monday, the presidents of Russia and Turkey convened in the Black Sea city of Sochi, where Turkish leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan sought to persuade Russia to reinstate an agreement that had allowed Ukraine to export grain and other commodities from three Black Sea ports despite the ongoing conflict.
In July, Russian President Vladimir Putin declined to extend the said agreement, initially brokered by Turkey and the United Nations a year prior. Russia’s primary grievance was related to a parallel deal aimed at easing obstacles to Russian exports of food and fertilizer, which Russia believed had not been fulfilled. Russia contended that shipping and insurance restrictions hindered its agricultural trade, despite its record-breaking wheat shipments over the past year.
These talks between the two leaders hold significant implications for global food supplies, set against the backdrop of more than 18 months of war and Ukraine’s recent counteroffensive.
In a recent development, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy announced on Sunday that Defense Minister Oleksii Reznikov would be replaced this week, citing the need for “new approaches” without providing further details. Reznikov subsequently published his resignation letter on Monday.
Since Putin’s withdrawal from the grain initiative, Erdogan has consistently pledged to revive arrangements that had helped avert food crises in parts of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Ukraine and Russia are major suppliers of wheat, barley, sunflower oil, and other essential goods relied upon by developing nations.
Data from the Joint Coordination Center in Istanbul, responsible for organizing Ukraine’s shipments, reveals that 57% of the grain from Ukraine was destined for developing nations, with China being the largest recipient, receiving nearly a quarter of the food.
It’s worth noting that Russia has repeatedly targeted the Odesa region, Ukraine’s primary Black Sea port area. On Monday, the Ukrainian Air Force reported intercepting 23 out of 32 drones aimed at the Odesa and Dnipropetrovsk regions, although they did not specify the extent of damage caused by the drones that managed to evade interception.
Erdogan has maintained close ties with Putin throughout the 18-month Ukrainian conflict. Turkey has refrained from joining Western sanctions against Russia following its invasion, establishing itself as a key trading partner and logistical hub for Russia’s international trade. Nevertheless, Turkey, as a NATO member, has also supported Ukraine by providing arms, engaging with President Zelenskyy, and endorsing Kyiv’s bid to join NATO.
Erdogan drew Moscow’s ire in July when he permitted five Ukrainian commanders, previously captured by Russia and handed over to Turkey with the condition of remaining there during the war, to return home.
Putin and Erdogan, both authoritarian leaders with decades-long tenures, are known to have a strong rapport, cultivated notably after Putin offered his support following a failed coup attempt against Erdogan in 2016.
The Sochi summit follows talks between the foreign ministers of Russia and Turkey last Thursday. During these discussions, Russia presented a list of actions that the West would need to take for Ukraine’s Black Sea exports to resume.
Erdogan has signalled his understanding of Putin’s position. In July, he acknowledged that Putin had “certain expectations from Western countries” concerning the Black Sea deal, emphasizing the importance of Western countries taking action in this regard.
U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres has also sent “concrete proposals” to Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov aimed at facilitating Russian exports to global markets and reviving the Black Sea initiative. However, Moscow expressed dissatisfaction with the letter.
In describing Turkey’s “intense” efforts to reinstate the agreement, Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan characterized it as a “process aimed at better comprehending Russia’s stance and demands and working towards meeting them.”